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The propagating cipher block chaining [25] or plaintext cipher-block chaining [26] mode was designed to cause small changes in the ciphertext to propagate indefinitely when decrypting, as well as when encrypting. In PCBC mode, each block of plaintext is XORed with both the previous plaintext block and the previous ciphertext block before being ...
In the popular cipher block chaining (CBC) mode, for encryption to be secure the initialization vector passed along with the plaintext message must be a random or pseudo-random value, which is added in an exclusive-or manner to the first plaintext block before it is encrypted. The resultant ciphertext block is then used as the new ...
CCM mode (counter with cipher block chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated encryption algorithm designed to provide both authentication and confidentiality. CCM mode is only defined for block ciphers with a block length of 128 bits. [1] [2]
The tweakable narrow-block encryption (LRW) [9] is an instantiation of the mode of operations introduced by Liskov, Rivest, and Wagner [10] (see Theorem 2). This mode uses two keys: is the key for the block cipher and is an additional key of the same size as block.
GCM uses a block cipher with block size 128 bits (commonly AES-128) operated in counter mode for encryption, and uses arithmetic in the Galois field GF(2 128) to compute the authentication tag; hence the name. Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) is an authentication-only variant of the GCM which can form an incremental message ...
Ciphertext stealing for ECB mode requires the plaintext to be longer than one block. A possible workaround is to use a stream cipher-like block cipher mode of operation when the plaintext length is one block or less, such as the CTR, CFB or OFB modes. Ciphertext stealing for CBC mode doesn't necessarily require the plaintext to be longer than ...
Because CCMP is a block cipher mode using a 128-bit key, it is secure against attacks to the 2 64 steps of operation. Generic meet-in-the-middle attacks do exist and can be used to limit the theoretical strength of the key to 2 n/2 (where n is the number of bits in the key) operations needed. [3]
Pages in category "Block cipher modes of operation" ... Block cipher mode of operation; A. AES-GCM-SIV; C. CBC-MAC; CCM mode; CWC mode; D. Disk encryption theory; E.