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  2. Carboxylic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxylic_acid

    In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group (−C(=O)−OH) [1] attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as R−COOH or R−CO 2 H, sometimes as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups ...

  3. List of carboxylic acids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_carboxylic_acids

    The systematic IUPAC name is not always the preferred IUPAC name, for example, lactic acid is a common, and also the preferred, name for what systematic rules call 2-hydroxypropanoic acid. This list is ordered by the number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid.

  4. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine

    Brady's reagent or Borche's reagent, is prepared by dissolving DNPH in a solution containing methanol and some concentrated sulfuric acid. This solution is used to detect ketones and aldehydes. A positive test is signalled by the formation of a yellow, orange or red precipitate of the dinitrophenylhydrazone.

  5. Chemical test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_test

    The sodium fusion test tests for the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, and halides in a sample; The Zerewitinoff determination tests for any acidic hydrogen; The Oddy test tests for acid, aldehydes, and sulfides; Gunzberg's test tests for the presence of hydrochloric acid; Kelling's test tests for the presence of lactic acid

  6. Organic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_acid

    An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO 2 OH, are relatively stronger acids. Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids but they are usually very weak.

  7. Tollens' reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tollens'_reagent

    Tollens' test for aldehyde: left side positive (silver mirror), right side negative Ball-and-stick model of the diamminesilver(I) complex. Tollens' reagent (chemical formula ()) is a chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones along with some alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerize into aldehydes.

  8. Fehling's solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehling's_solution

    Formic acid (HCO 2 H) also gives a positive Fehling's test result, as it does with Tollens' (eponymous for Bernhard Christian Gottfried Tollens (1841 – 1918)) test and Benedict's solution also. The positive tests are consistent with it being readily oxidizable to carbon dioxide. The solution cannot differentiate between benzaldehyde and acetone.

  9. Ferric chloride test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferric_chloride_test

    The ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence of phenols in a given sample or compound (for instance natural phenols in a plant extract). Enols , hydroxamic acids , oximes, and sulfinic acids give positive results as well. [ 1 ]