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The high court of Kerala has banned mining within one km radius of bridges but the state government is permitting mining even within 500 meters of the bridge. Illegal sand mining has created about 800 pits on the Periyar river. In June 2015, the government of Kerala banned mining in six rivers of Kerala for a period of three years. [2]
Sitaraman has also extensively studied heavy metal contamination and water quality of Periyar (river) at several locations along its course and has suggested critical measures to prevent water pollution and illegal sand mining. [3]
There are 81 dams in Kerala. [1] Of the 81 dams, the Kerala State Electricity Board owns 59 dams which form 45 reservoirs, the Kerala Irrigation Department owns 20 dams which form 20 reservoirs and the Kerala Water Authority vests the control of 2 dams with 2 reservoirs.
Uncontrolled legal and illegal mining of river sand leading to depletion of water table. Illegal construction of numerous check dams. Diversion of upstream water to Idukki dam from the Vazhikkadavu Mini Dam. Illegal fishing, destroying marine life. Excavation of clay and sand from paddy fields for the brick and construction industries.
Sand beds which got created in millions of years were completely removed within a few years of human greed and mismanagement. Creation of sand is a very slow process and is considered as the veins of the river. Although a total ban is impossible and impracticable, strict regulations needs to be put in place for sustainable mining of sand.
Varattar is a branch of the Pamba River, the third longest river in the South Indian state of Kerala.It is a 9.5 km long water channel that in the past connected and linked the Pampa to the Manimala River. It flows through the outskirts of Chengannur, Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha. [1]
The boom in construction industry, especially the real estate business in Central Kerala, has rung the alarm bell for the Kole wetlands. [10] Coconut cultivation, construction of buildings and houses, conversion of fields for sand and clay mining and brick kilns, hunting of wetland birds are the main threats for the Kole wetlands.
Periyar, (Malayalam:, meaning: big river) is the longest river and the river with the largest discharge potential in the Indian state of Kerala. [3] It is one of the few perennial rivers in the region and provides drinking water for several major towns. [4]