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Paramecium caudatum [1] is a species of unicellular protist in the phylum Ciliophora. [2] They can reach 0.33 mm in length and are covered with minute hair-like organelles called cilia. [3] The cilia are used in locomotion and feeding. [2] The species is very common, and widespread in marine, brackish and freshwater environments. [4] [5]
Transmission electron micrograph of a thin section of the surface of the ciliate Paramecium putrinum, showing the alveoli (red arrows) under the cell surface. Almost all sequenced mitochondrial genomes of ciliates and apicomplexa are linear. [5] The mitochondria almost all carry mtDNA of their own but with greatly reduced genome sizes.
The question of whether Paramecium exhibit learning has been the object of a great deal of experimentation, yielding equivocal results. However, a study published in 2006 seems to show that Paramecium caudatum may be trained, through the application of a 6.5 volt electric current, to discriminate between brightness levels. [29]
Stages of conjugation Stages of conjugation in Paramecium caudatum. In Paramecium caudatum, the stages of conjugation are as follows (see diagram at right): Compatible mating strains meet and partly fuse; The micronuclei undergo meiosis, producing four haploid micronuclei per cell. Three of these micronuclei disintegrate. The fourth undergoes ...
Thermotaxis has been found in multicellular organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, as well as in unicellular organisms, such as Paramecium caudatum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Physarum polycephalum, and Escherichia coli. [74] Individual cells within multicellular organisms also show thermotaxis.
Paramecium Müller, 1773; Physanter Jankowski, 1975; Parameciidae is a family of ciliates in the order Peniculida. Members of this family have differentiated anterior ...
The Russian ecologist Georgii Gause demonstrated the tendency toward extinction among predator–prey populations with a series of experiments in 1934. He found that in experiments with Didinium nasutum (predator) and Paramecium caudatum (prey), D. nausatum overexploited P. caudatum leading first to its extinction and subsequently to its own. [7]
Blepharisma is a genus of unicellular ciliate protists found in fresh and salt water. The group includes about 40 accepted species, and many sub-varieties and strains. While species vary considerably in size and shape, most are easily identified by their red or pinkish color, which is caused by granules of the pigment blepharismin.