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A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend Up to about A.D. 1000. National Library of Wales. ISBN 0907158730. biography.wales (Dictionary of Welsh Biography) Davies, John (1994). A History of Wales. Penguin Books. ISBN 9780140145816. Encyclopaedia of Wales. University of Wales Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6. Lloyd, John ...
Many early rulers of areas within Wales used titles (Rex, Brenin) now translated by "King". With one exception they were not, and did not claim to be, rulers of all Wales. Wales, much like Ireland, usually had neither the political unity nor the sovereignty of other contemporary European kingdoms such as England and Scotland.
This is a list of the rulers of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Many of them were also acclaimed " King of the Britons " or " Prince of Wales ". Traditional arms of the House of Aberffraw, rulers of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, attributed to Llywelyn the Great (d. 1240).
This is the family tree of the kings of the respective Welsh medieval kingdoms of Gwynedd, Deheubarth and Powys, and some of their more prominent relatives and heirs as the direct male line descendants of Cunedda Wledig of Gwynedd (401 – 1283), and Gwrtheyrn of Powys (c. 5th century – 1160), then also the separate Welsh kingdoms and petty kingdoms, and then eventually Powys Fadog until the ...
Wales became, effectively, part of England, even though its people spoke a different language and had a different culture. English kings appointed a Council of Wales, sometimes presided over by the heir to the throne. This Council normally sat in Ludlow, now in England but at that time still part of the disputed border area in the Welsh Marches ...
The Encyclopaedia of Wales notes that the Council of Wales and the Marches was created by Edward IV in 1471 as a household institution to manage the Prince of Wales's lands and finances. In 1473 it was enlarged and given the additional duty of maintaining law and order in the Principality and the Marches of Wales.
The kingdom of Powys covered the eastern part of central Wales.Regions included Builth and Gwerthrynion.It is important to note it was occupied by the Irish for a few years by Banadl (usually given as 441–447 AD), and was united with Gwynedd in 854 upon the death of Cyngen ap Cadell by his nephew Rhodri Mawr.
The Wales and Berwick Act is passed, creating a statutory definition of "England" as including England, Wales and Berwick-upon-Tweed [208] 1761 Bersham Ironworks employs a new boring machine for the accurate production of smooth bore cannon, later supplying cannon for use in the American War of Independence and the Napoleonic wars [ 172 ]