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The tumor in the lung is then called metastatic breast cancer, not lung cancer. Metastasis is a key element in cancer staging systems such as the TNM staging system, where it represents the "M". In overall stage grouping, metastasis places a cancer in Stage IV. The possibilities of curative treatment are greatly reduced, or often entirely ...
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are infections of blood caused by blood-borne pathogens. [1] The detection of microbes in the blood (most commonly accomplished by blood cultures [2]) is always abnormal. A bloodstream infection is different from sepsis, which is characterized by severe inflammatory or immune responses of the host organism to ...
3D medical illustration depicting the TNM stages in breast cancer. Cancer staging can be divided into a clinical stage and a pathologic stage. In the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, clinical stage and pathologic stage are denoted by a small "c" or "p" before the stage (e.g., cT3N1M0 or pT2N0).
The dispersed tumors are called metastatic tumors, while the original is called the primary tumor. Almost all cancers can metastasize. [38] Most cancer deaths are due to cancer that has metastasized. [39] Metastasis is common in the late stages of cancer and it can occur via the blood or the lymphatic system or both. The typical steps in ...
Localized lymphadenopathy: due to localized spot of infection; e.g., an infected spot on the scalp will cause lymph nodes in the neck on that same side to swell up; Inflammatory localized lymphadenopathy at right mandibular angle. Generalized lymphadenopathy: due to a systemic infection of the body; e.g., influenza or secondary syphilis
During EMT, epithelial markers like E-cadherin are downregulated, while mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and vimentin are upregulated. This change enables cancer cells to detach from the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissues, and ultimately spread to distant locations in the body by entering the bloodstream or lymphatic pathways. [13]
Disseminated disease can refer to disseminated cancer which is the movement of cancerous cells from the original tumor to other areas of the body, [1] or disseminated infection which is the pathogen's entry into the host, growth, and dissemination, which results in illness. [2] After exiting the main tumor, cancer cells circulate throughout the ...
Bacterial infection; Typical symptoms In general, viral infections are systemic. This means they involve many different parts of the body or more than one body system at the same time; i.e. a runny nose, sinus congestion, cough, body aches etc. They can be local at times as in viral conjunctivitis or "pink eye" and herpes.