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Antibodies to ganglioside are found to be elevated in coeliac disease. [16] Recent studies show that gliadin can cross-link to gangliosides in a transglutaminase independent manner, indicating that gliadin specific T-cell could present these antigens to the immune system.
A ganglioside is a molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (e.g. N-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of gangliosides anionic at pH 7, which distinguishes them from globosides .
Antibodies to GM1 are increased in Guillain–Barré syndrome, dementia and lupus but their function is not clear. [4] There is some evidence to suggest antibodies against GM1 are associated with diarrhea in Guillain–Barré syndrome. [5] GM1 antibodies are also seen in Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN), a rare antibody-mediated inflammatory ...
Anti-ganglioside antibodies: ganglioside GQ1B: Miller Fisher syndrome: ganglioside GD3: acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) ganglioside GM1: multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMN) Anti-actin antibodies: actin: Coeliac disease (antibody levels correlate with the level of intestinal damage [8] [9]), autoimmune hepatitis, gastric ...
An example of such antibodies is hu14.18K322A, a monoclonal antibody. This anti-GD2 antibody is currently undergoing a phase II clinical trial in the treatment of previously untreated high risk neuroblastoma given alongside combination chemotherapy prior to stem cell transplant and radiation therapy . [ 2 ]
Gulliane-Barre syndrome is associated with peripheral neuropathies, and it has been found that anti-ganglioside autoantibodies take part in the binding to axons and schwann cells. Antibodies to these gangliosides have been found elevated in coeliac disease [77]
The GM1 gangliosidoses, usually shortened to GM1, are gangliosidoses caused by mutation in the GLB1 gene resulting in a deficiency of beta-galactosidase.The deficiency causes abnormal storage of acidic lipid materials in cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems, but particularly in the nerve cells, resulting in progressive neurodegeneration.
Anti-transglutaminase antibodies (ATA) are autoantibodies against the transglutaminase protein. Detection is considered abnormal, and may indicate one of several conditions . Antibodies serve an important role in the immune system by detecting cells and substances that the rest of the immune system then eliminates.