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Transmission medium, in physics and telecommunications, any material substance which can propagate waves or energy . Active laser medium (also called gain medium or lasing medium), a quantum system that allows amplification of power (gain) of waves passing through (usually by stimulated emission)
Sound is, by definition, the vibration of matter, so it requires a physical medium for transmission, as do other kinds of mechanical waves and heat energy. Historically, science incorporated various aether theories to explain the transmission medium.
Isaac Newton suggests the existence of an aether in the Third Book of Opticks (1st ed. 1704; 2nd ed. 1718): "Doth not this aethereal medium in passing out of water, glass, crystal, and other compact and dense bodies in empty spaces, grow denser and denser by degrees, and by that means refract the rays of light not in a point, but by bending them gradually in curve lines? ...
In optics, an optical medium is material through which light and other electromagnetic waves propagate. It is a form of transmission medium . The permittivity and permeability of the medium define how electromagnetic waves propagate in it.
In physics, a mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a material medium. [1] (Vacuum is, from classical perspective, a non-material medium, where electromagnetic waves propagate.) While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is ...
The permeability of a medium is related to the porosity, but also to the shapes of the pores in the medium and their level of connectedness. [2] Fluid flows can also be influenced in different lithological settings by brittle deformation of rocks in fault zones; the mechanisms by which this occurs are the subject of fault zone hydrogeology. [3]
A mechanical wave is a local deformation (strain) in some physical medium that propagates from particle to particle by creating local stresses that cause strain in neighboring particles too. For example, sound waves are variations of the local pressure and particle motion that propagate through the medium.
In materials science, a porous medium or a porous material is a material containing pores (voids). [1] The skeletal portion of the material is often called the "matrix" or "frame". The pores are typically filled with a fluid ( liquid or gas ).