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A lobotomy (from Greek λοβός (lobos) 'lobe' and τομή (tomē) 'cut, slice') or leucotomy is a discredited form of neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorder or neurological disorder (e.g. epilepsy, depression) that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. [1]
Anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is the complete or partial removal of the anterior portion of the temporal lobe of the brain. The exact boundaries for removal can vary slightly in practice and between neurosurgeons. [ 1 ]
Lobectomy means surgical excision of a lobe. This may refer to a lobe of the lung [ 1 ] (also simply called a lobectomy ), a lobe of the thyroid ( hemithyroidectomy ), a lobe of the brain (as in anterior temporal lobectomy ), or a lobe of the liver ( hepatectomy ).
It targets the lower medial quadrant of the frontal lobes, severing connections between the limbic system and supra-orbital part of the frontal lobe. [9] Limbic leucotomy is a combination of subcaudate tractotomy and anterior cingulotomy. It was used at Atkinson Morley Hospital London in the 1990s [9] and also at Massachusetts General Hospital ...
Animation. Both left and right temporoparietal junctions are shown in red. The brain contains four main lobes: temporal lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, and the occipital lobe. The temporoparietal junction lies in the region between the temporal and parietal lobes, near the lateral sulcus (Sylvian fissure).
Walter Jackson Freeman II (November 14, 1895 – May 31, 1972) was an American physician who specialized in lobotomy. [1] Wanting to simplify lobotomies so that it could be carried out by psychiatrists in psychiatric hospitals, where there were often no operating rooms, surgeons, or anesthesia and limited budgets, Freeman invented a transorbital lobotomy procedure.
The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain. [ 3 ] The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory , language comprehension , and emotion association.
Inspired by the work of the Italian psychiatrist Amarro Fiamberti, Freeman developed, without the knowledge or participation of Watts, a procedure for reaching the frontal lobes by inserting a probe under the eyelid and above the tear duct, then hammering it through the thin bone of the eye socket. The instrument was swished around, severing ...
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