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Output of a computer model of underwater acoustic propagation in a simplified ocean environment. A seafloor map produced by multibeam sonar. Underwater acoustics (also known as hydroacoustics) is the study of the propagation of sound in water and the interaction of the mechanical waves that constitute sound with the water, its contents and its boundaries.
An early use of underwater acoustic positioning systems, credited with initiating the modern day development of these systems, [15] involved the loss of the American nuclear submarine USS Thresher on 10 April 1963 in a water depth of 2560m. [16] An acoustic short baseline (SBL) positioning system was installed on the oceanographic vessel USNS ...
A long baseline (LBL) acoustic positioning system [1] is one of three broad classes of underwater acoustic positioning systems that are used to track underwater vehicles and divers. The other two classes are ultra short baseline systems (USBL) and short baseline systems (SBL). LBL systems are unique in that they use networks of sea-floor ...
Underwater acoustic communication is a technique of sending and receiving messages in water. [1] There are several ways of employing such communication but the most common is by using hydrophones . Underwater communication is difficult due to factors such as multi-path propagation , time variations of the channel, small available bandwidth and ...
USBL (ultra-short baseline, also known as SSBL for super short base line) is a method of underwater acoustic positioning. A USBL system consists of a transceiver, which is mounted on a pole under a ship, and a transponder or responder on the seafloor, on a towfish, or on an ROV. A computer, or "topside unit", is used to calculate a position ...
Perhaps the first implementation of any underwater acoustic positioning system was a SBL system installed on the U.S. Navy oceanographic vessel USNS Mizar. In 1963, this system guided the bathyscaphe Trieste 1 to the wreck site of the American nuclear submarine USS Thresher. However, performance was still so poor that out of ten search dives by ...
The system concept (Figure 1) utilizes an array eight to ten GIBs (Figure 2) moored in a 2 km by 2 km array. In the case of the TARGT GIB, the GPS and RF antennas are located on top of the sensor and the hydrophone, or underwater acoustic transducer, is located on the bottom. The device is approximately 6 ft tall and weighs 35 lbs.
The name changed to Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) in 1985, as the fixed bottom arrays were supplemented by the mobile Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System (SURTASS) and other new systems. The commands and personnel were covered by the "oceanographic" term until 1991 when the mission was declassified.