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The sciatic nerve is the largest peripheral nerve in the body and innervates significant portions of the skin and muscles of the thigh, leg, and foot. The sciatic nerve originates from spinal nerves L4-S3. It forms in the pelvis from nerves of the sacral plexus, and exits the greater sciatic foramen just underneath the piriformis.
Sciatica may also occur during pregnancy, especially during later stages, as a result of the weight of the fetus pressing on the sciatic nerve during sitting or during leg spasms. [15] While most cases do not directly harm the woman or the fetus, indirect harm may come from the numbing effect on the legs, which can cause loss of balance and falls.
The sciatic nerve supplies sensation to the skin of the foot, as well as the entire lower leg (except for its inner side). Sensation to skin to the sole of the foot is provided by the tibial nerve, and the lower leg and upper surface of the foot via the common fibular nerve. [2]: 422–4 The sciatic nerve also innervates muscles.
The sciatic nerve is highly mobile in the deep gluteal space with hip and even knee movements. [7] For example, hip flexion with knee extension (also called a straight leg raise) causes the sciatic nerve in the deep gluteal space to move 28mm towards the center of the body. [14] Hip movements may also create dynamic impingement between muscles.
For the trial, 216 individuals with chronic sciatica resulting from a herniated disc were treated either with 10 sessions of acupuncture or 10 sessions of sham acupuncture over a period of 4 weeks.
A common form of radiculitis is sciatica – radicular pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve from the lower spine to the lower back, gluteal muscles, back of the upper thigh, calf, and foot as often secondary to nerve root irritation from a spinal disc herniation or from osteophytes in the lumbar region of the spine.
In the early 1900s, dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint was a common diagnosis associated with low back and sciatic nerve pain. [18] However, research by Danforth and Wilson in 1925 concluded that the sacroiliac joint could not cause sciatic nerve pain because the joint does not have a canal in which the nerves can be entrapped against the ...
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).