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Despite coming under heavy criticism (see Evans, [26] p134-135; and Burniaux et al., [27] p58-65), the theory is that as the marginal cost of environmental abatement is lower in non-Annex B countries a scheme like this will promote technology transfer from Annex B to non-Annex B countries resulting in cheaper emissions reductions.
The Kyoto Protocol carries a legal obligation for nations to uphold specific standards in the reduction of greenhouse gases and emissions. The Kyoto Protocol defines countries as being "Annex 1 parties" or "non-Annex 1 parties". [3] Annex 1 parties are industrialized nations while non-Annex 1 refers to developing nations.
The Copenhagen Accord, however, did retain the concept of NAMA, but in a narrower definition only applying to Non-Annex 1 countries, and did not specify what form they should take: [2] [3] Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention will implement mitigation actions … consistent with Article 4.1 and Article 4.7 and in the context of sustainable ...
These Parties are classified as industrialized (developed) countries and "economies in transition" (EITs). [5] The 14 EITs are the former centrally-planned economies of Russia and Eastern Europe. [6] Annex II: Of the Parties listed in Annex I of the convention, 24 are also listed in Annex II of the convention, including the European Union. [7]
Annex II: Of the Parties listed in Annex I of the convention, 24 are also listed in Annex II of the convention, including the European Union. [98] These Parties are made up of members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): these Parties consist of the members of the OECD in 1992, minus Turkey, plus the EU.
The parties agreed to use the Adaptation Fund established at COP 7 in 2001 primarily in supporting developing countries better adapt to climate change. The fund would also be used for capacity-building through technology transfer. At COP 9, the parties also agreed to review the first national reports submitted by 110 non-Annex I countries.
Kyoto International Conference Center. The Kyoto Protocol (Japanese: 京都議定書, Hepburn: Kyōto Giteisho) was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is occurring and that human-made CO 2 emissions are ...
As of September 2022, there are 186 parties to the convention (185 states and the European Union). [1] Notable non-ratifying states include the United States, Israel, and Malaysia. The Stockholm Convention was adopted to EU legislation in Regulation (EC) No 850/2004. [3] In 2019, the latter was replaced by Regulation (EU) 2019/1021. [4]