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Flexural modulus measurement For a 3-point test of a rectangular beam behaving as an isotropic linear material, where w and h are the width and height of the beam, I is the second moment of area of the beam's cross-section, L is the distance between the two outer supports, and d is the deflection due to the load F applied at the middle of the ...
Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) applied to the object and the resulting axial strain (displacement or deformation) in the linear elastic region of the material. Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler.
The bulk modulus is an extension of Young's modulus to three dimensions. Flexural modulus (E flex) describes the object's tendency to flex when acted upon by a moment. Two other elastic moduli are Lamé's first parameter, λ, and P-wave modulus, M, as used in table of modulus comparisons
This results in a constant bending moment between the two supports. Consequently, a shear-free zone is created, where the specimen is subjected only to bending. This has the advantage that no additional shear force acts on the specimen, unlike in the 3-point bending test. [6] The bending modulus for a flat specimen is calculated as follows:
The elastic properties can be well-characterized by the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, Bulk modulus, and Shear modulus or they may be described by the Lamé parameters. Young's modulus [ edit ]
The plastic section modulus is used to calculate a cross-section's capacity to resist bending after yielding has occurred across the entire section. It is used for determining the plastic, or full moment, strength and is larger than the elastic section modulus, reflecting the section's strength beyond the elastic range. [1]
The flexural strength is stress at failure in bending. It is equal to or slightly larger than the failure stress in tension. Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test. [1]
The plate elastic thickness (usually referred to as effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere). The elastic properties of the plate; The applied load or force; As flexural rigidity of the plate is determined by the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and cube of the plate's elastic thickness, it is a governing factor in both (1) and (2).