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Immortalised cell lines are widely used as a simple model for more complex biological systems – for example, for the analysis of the biochemistry and cell biology of mammalian (including human) cells. [2] The main advantage of using an immortal cell line for research is its immortality; the cells can be grown indefinitely in culture.
It is the oldest human cell line and one of the most commonly used. [1] [2] HeLa cells are durable and prolific, allowing for extensive applications in scientific study. [3] [4] The line is derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951, [5] from Henrietta Lacks, a 31-year-old African American mother of five, after whom the line ...
TF-1 cells are an immortal cell line derived from the human Erythroleukemia used in biomedical research. [1] This cells are proliferatively responsive to interleukin-3 (IL-3) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). [2] TF-1 cells have gene fusion of CBFA2T3-ABHD12. [3]
Human embryonic kidney 293 cells, also often referred to as HEK 293, HEK-293, 293 cells, are an immortalised cell line derived from HEK cells isolated from a female fetus in the 1970s. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The HEK 293 cell line has been widely used in research for decades due to its reliable and fast growth and propensity for transfection .
Its scope includes immortalised cell lines, naturally immortal cell lines (example: embryonic stem cells) and finite life cell lines when those are distributed and used widely. The Cellosaurus provides a wealth of manually curated information; for each cell line it lists a recommended name, synonyms and the species of origin.
Embryonic stem cells and germ cells have also been described as immortal. [8] [9] Immortal cell lines of cancer cells can be created by induction of oncogenes or loss of tumor suppressor genes. One way to induce immortality is through viral-mediated induction of the large T-antigen, [10] commonly introduced through simian virus 40 (SV-40). [11]
The first and still most widely used immortal cell line is HeLa, developed from cells taken from the malignant cervical tumor of Henrietta Lacks without her consent in 1951. Prior to the 1961 work of Leonard Hayflick, there was the erroneous belief fostered by Alexis Carrel that all normal somatic cells are immortal. By preventing cells from ...
The typical normal human fetal cell will divide between 50 and 70 times before experiencing senescence. As the cell divides, the telomeres on the ends of chromosomes shorten. The Hayflick limit is the limit on cell replication imposed by the shortening of telomeres with each division. This end stage is known as cellular senescence.