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The deathstalker is one of the most dangerous species of scorpions. [10] [11] Its venom is a powerful mixture of neurotoxins, with a low lethal dose. [12]While a sting from this scorpion is extraordinarily painful, it normally would not kill a healthy adult human.
Tityustoxin-1, TsTX-I is the most toxic protein among the neurotoxins in this venom, with an intravenous and intracisternal LD 50 (mouse) of 76 ± 9 and 1.1 ± 0.3 μg/kg, respectively. The identification of TsTX-I as a potent component of T. serrulatus venom characterized it as the major and main neurotoxin from this venom. [1]
It was the second purified toxin obtained from the genus Centruroides after neurotoxin II [8] and the first short peptide from scorpion venom to be reported in the literature. [9] The name for noxiustoxin was first proposed in 1982, [ 2 ] before which it was known as toxin II-11 [ 9 ]
The composition of scorpion venom consists of different compounds of varying concentrations. ... Panama has reported an incidence of 52 cases per 100,000 people in ...
In another context, the scorpion portrays human sexuality. [10] Scorpions are used in folk medicine in South Asia, especially in antidotes for scorpion stings. [10] One of the earliest occurrences of the scorpion in culture is its inclusion, as Scorpio, in the 12 signs of the Zodiac by Babylonian astronomers during the Chaldean period. [12]
LmKTT-1a (SdPI-2, δ-KTx2.1) is a bifunctional Kunitz-type toxin belonging to the ẟ-KTx subfamily, which can be found in the venom of Lychas mucronatus (the Chinese swimming scorpion). As a bifunctional toxin, it both inhibits trypsin activity and blocks Kv1 channels with a weak selectivity towards Kv1.3 channels.
The toxin has been classified as a short-chain scorpion toxin. [1] It consists of 36 amino acids and is referred to as TmTx1. [2] A peptide consisting of 35 amino acids has also been identified, [1] referred to as TmTx2. [2]
Charybdotoxin (ChTX) is a 37 amino acid neurotoxin from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus (deathstalker) that blocks calcium-activated potassium channels. [2] This blockade causes hyperexcitability of the nervous system. It is a close homologue of agitoxin and both toxins come from Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus.