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The girih are piece-wise straight lines that cross the boundaries of the tiles at the center of an edge at 54° (3π/10 radians) to the edge. Two intersecting girih cross each edge of a tile. Most tiles have a unique pattern of girih inside the tile that are continuous and follow the symmetry of the tile.
A Pythagorean tiling Street Musicians at the Door, Jacob Ochtervelt, 1665.As observed by Nelsen [1] the floor tiles in this painting are set in the Pythagorean tiling. A Pythagorean tiling or two squares tessellation is a tiling of a Euclidean plane by squares of two different sizes, in which each square touches four squares of the other size on its four sides.
A labyrinth can be generated by tiles in the form of a white square with a black diagonal. As with the quarter-circle tiles, each such tile has two orientations. [3] The connectivity of the resulting labyrinth can be analyzed mathematically using percolation theory as bond percolation at the critical point of a diagonally-oriented grid.
Wang tiles: 52: E 2: 1971 [13] [50] Tiles enforce aperiodicity by forming an infinite hierarchy of square lattices. Wang tiles: 32: E 2: 1986 [51] Locally derivable from the Penrose tiles. No image: Wang tiles: 24: E 2: 1986 [51] Locally derivable from the A2 tiling. Wang tiles: 16: E 2: 1986 [17] [52] Derived from tiling A2 and its Ammann bars ...
If a square tiling is shifted by the width of a tile, parallel to the sides of the tile, the result is the same pattern of tiles as before the shift. A shift (formally, a translation) that preserves the tiling in this way is called a period of the tiling. A tiling is called periodic when it has periods that shift the tiling in two different ...
Patterns may be elaborated by the use of two levels of design, as at the 1453 Darb-e Imam shrine. Square repeating units of known patterns can be copied as templates, and historic pattern books may have been intended for use in this way. The 15th century Topkapı Scroll explicitly shows girih patterns together with the tilings used to create them.