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Autotrophs can use this process to supply reducing power for inorganic carbon fixation. Reverse electron transfer (RET) is the process that can occur in respiring mitochondria, when a small fraction of electrons from reduced ubiquinol is driven upstream by the membrane potential towards mitochondrial complex I.
The term "dissimilatory" is used when hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is produced in an anaerobic respiration process. By contrast, the term "assimilatory" would be used in relation to the biosynthesis of organosulfur compounds, even though hydrogen sulfide may be an intermediate. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction occurs in four steps: [1]
For levels up to 75 mg/L chlorine is used in the purification process as an oxidizing chemical to react with hydrogen sulfide. This reaction yields insoluble solid sulfur. Usually the chlorine used is in the form of sodium hypochlorite. [55] Aeration For concentrations of hydrogen sulfide less than 2 mg/L aeration is an ideal treatment process ...
The oxidation of inorganic compounds is the strategy primarily used by chemolithotrophic microorganisms to obtain energy to survive, grow and reproduce. Some inorganic forms of reduced sulfur, mainly sulfide (H 2 S/HS − ) and elemental sulfur (S 0 ), can be oxidized by chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing prokaryotes , usually coupled to the ...
The important sulfur cycle is a biogeochemical cycle in which the sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems. It is important in geology as it affects many minerals and in life because sulfur is an essential element (), being a constituent of many proteins and cofactors, and sulfur compounds can be used as oxidants or reductants in microbial respiration. [1]
Some organisms can conserve energy (i.e., produce ATP) from the oxidation of sulfur and it can serve as the sole energy source for some lithotrophic bacteria and archaea. [3] Sulfur oxidizers use enzymes such as Sulfide:quinone reductase, sulfur dioxygenase and sulfite oxidase to oxidize sulfur compounds to sulfate.
Biological thermodynamics (Thermodynamics of biological systems) is a science that explains the nature and general laws of thermodynamic processes occurring in living organisms as nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems that convert the energy of the Sun and food into other types of energy. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic state of living ...
Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis is a form of chemosynthesis which uses hydrogen sulfide. [1] It is common in hydrothermal vent microbial communities [2] [3] Due to the lack of light in these environments this is predominant over photosynthesis.