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Map algebra is an algebra for manipulating geographic data, primarily fields.Developed by Dr. Dana Tomlin and others in the late 1970s, it is a set of primitive operations in a geographic information system (GIS) which allows one or more raster layers ("maps") of similar dimensions to produce a new raster layer (map) using mathematical or other operations such as addition, subtraction etc.
Arithmetic is the fundamental branch of mathematics that studies numbers and their operations. In particular, it deals with numerical calculations using the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. [1]
Behrmann projection of the world The Behrmann cylindrical equal-area projection with Tissot's indicatrices of deformation. The Behrmann projection is a cylindrical equal-area map projection described by Walter Behrmann in 1910. [1]