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The term "derived trait" is often used interchangeably with the more technical term apomorphy. descendant developmental biology diploid. Denoted in shorthand with the somatic number 2n. (of a cell or organism) Having two homologous copies of each chromosome. Contrast haploid and polyploid. directional selection. Also positive selection.
Because nonsynonymous mutations always result in a biological change in the organism, they are often subject to strong selection pressure. Contrast synonymous mutation. non-transcribed spacer (NTS) See spacer. northern blotting A blotting method in molecular biology used to detect RNA in a sample.
Genetic hitchhiking – Phenomenon in biology; Negative selection (natural selection) – Selective removal of alleles that are deleterious; Related topics Microevolution – Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population; Evolutionary game theory – Application of game theory to evolving populations in biology
A slightly deleterious mutation can be defined as a mutation that negative selection acts on only very weakly so that its fate is determined by both selection and random genetic drift. [3] If slightly deleterious mutations are segregating in the population, then it becomes difficult to detect positive selection and the degree of positive ...
Setting aside other factors (e.g., balancing selection, and genetic drift), the equilibrium number of deleterious alleles is then determined by a balance between the deleterious mutation rate and the rate at which selection purges those mutations. Mutation–selection balance was originally proposed to explain how genetic variation is ...
The mechanisms of evolution focus mainly on mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, non-random mating, and natural selection. Mutation: Mutation [12] is a change in the DNA sequence inside a gene or a chromosome of an organism. Most mutations are deleterious, or neutral; i.e. they can neither harm nor benefit, but can also be beneficial sometimes.
3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). Also three-prime untranslated region, 3' non-translated region (3'-NTR), and trailer sequence.. 3'-end. Also three-prime end.. One of two ends of a single linear strand of DNA or RNA, specifically the end at which the chain of nucleotides terminates at the third carbon atom in the furanose ring of deoxyribose or ribose (i.e. the terminus at which the 3' carbon ...
Mutation and selection. The concept of sexual selection was introduced by Charles Darwin as an element of his theory of natural selection. [1] Sexual selection is a biological way one sex chooses a mate for the best reproductive success. Most compete with others of the same sex for the best mate to contribute their genome for future generations.