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  2. Petzval field curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petzval_field_curvature

    Field curvature: the image "plane" (the arc) deviates from a flat surface (the vertical line). Petzval field curvature, named for Joseph Petzval, [1] describes the optical aberration in which a flat object normal to the optical axis (or a non-flat object past the hyperfocal distance) cannot be brought properly into focus on a flat image plane.

  3. Optical aberration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_aberration

    The aberrations of the third order are: (1) aberration of the axis point; (2) aberration of points whose distance from the axis is very small, less than of the third order — the deviation from the sine condition and coma here fall together in one class; (3) astigmatism; (4) curvature of the field; (5) distortion. [8] Aberration of the third ...

  4. Coma (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_(optics)

    Coma of a single lens. Each cone of light focuses on different planes along the optical axis. In optics (especially telescopes), the coma (/ ˈ k oʊ m ə /), or comatic aberration, in an optical system refers to aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens or other components that results in off-axis point sources such as stars appearing distorted ...

  5. Distortion (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distortion_(optics)

    In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image.It is a form of optical aberration that may be distinguished from other aberrations such as spherical aberration, coma, chromatic aberration, field curvature, and astigmatism in a sense that these impact the image sharpness without changing an ...

  6. Three-mirror anastigmat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-mirror_anastigmat

    The first were proposed in 1935 by Maurice Paul. [1] The basic idea behind Paul's solution is that spherical mirrors, with an aperture stop at the centre of curvature, have only spherical aberration – no coma or astigmatism (but they do produce an image on a curved surface of half the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror).

  7. Astigmatism (optical systems) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astigmatism_(optical_systems)

    This form of aberration occurs even when the optical system is perfectly symmetrical. This is often referred to as a "monochromatic aberration", because it occurs even for light of a single wavelength. This terminology may be misleading, however, as the amount of aberration can vary strongly with wavelength in an optical system.

  8. Tilt (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilt_(optics)

    Piston and tilt are not actually true optical aberrations, as they do not represent or model curvature in the wavefront. Defocus is the lowest order true optical aberration. If piston and tilt are subtracted from an otherwise perfect wavefront, a perfect, aberration-free image is formed. Rapid optical tilts in both X and Y directions are termed ...

  9. Category:Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Geometrical_optics

    Chromatic aberration; Circle of confusion; Circumzenithal arc; Coma (optics) ... Petzval field curvature; Plane of incidence; Pupil magnification; R. Radius of ...