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Hausdorff dimension (exact value) Hausdorff dimension (approx.) Name Illustration Remarks Calculated: 0.538: Feigenbaum attractor: The Feigenbaum attractor (see between arrows) is the set of points generated by successive iterations of the logistic map for the critical parameter value =, where the period doubling is infinite.
The variational characterization of singular values and vectors implies as a special case a variational characterization of the angles between subspaces and their associated canonical vectors. This characterization includes the angles 0 {\displaystyle 0} and π / 2 {\displaystyle \pi /2} introduced above and orders the angles by increasing value.
The values of sine and cosine of 30 and 60 degrees are derived by analysis of the equilateral triangle. In an equilateral triangle, the 3 angles are equal and sum to 180°, therefore each corner angle is 60°. Bisecting one corner, the special right triangle with angles 30-60-90 is obtained.
The 12 face angles - there are three of them for each of the four faces of the tetrahedron. The 6 dihedral angles - associated to the six edges of the tetrahedron, since any two faces of the tetrahedron are connected by an edge. The 4 solid angles - associated to each point of the tetrahedron.
The X axis is now at angle γ with respect to the x axis. The XYZ system rotates again, but this time about the x axis by β. The Z axis is now at angle β with respect to the z axis. The XYZ system rotates a third time, about the z axis again, by angle α. In sum, the three elemental rotations occur about z, x and z.
A formula for computing the trigonometric identities for the one-third angle exists, but it requires finding the zeroes of the cubic equation 4x 3 − 3x + d = 0, where is the value of the cosine function at the one-third angle and d is the known value of the cosine function at the full angle.
The side of the right triangle adjacent to the angle then has an orientation 1 x and the side opposite has an orientation 1 y. Since (using ~ to indicate orientational equivalence) tan(θ) = θ + ... ~ 1 y /1 x we conclude that an angle in the xy-plane must have an orientation 1 y /1 x = 1 z, which is not unreasonable.
The six trigonometric functions are defined for every real number, except, for some of them, for angles that differ from 0 by a multiple of the right angle (90°). Referring to the diagram at the right, the six trigonometric functions of θ are, for angles smaller than the right angle: