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The relative importance of space and mass can change very quickly: in 1872, Viollet-le-Duc wrote his book, Entretiens sur l'architecture, completely avoiding the use of the word "space" in its modern meaning; just 20 years later August Schmarsow was declaring the primacy of German: Raumgestaltung, "forming the space". [10]
The word "tectonic" comes from Ancient Greek: τεκτων, "carpenter, builder" that eventually led to master builder, ἀρχιτέκτων (now architect).First application to modern architecture belongs to Karl Otfried Müller, in Handbuch der Archaologie der Kunst (Handbook of the Archeology of Art, 1830) he defined the art forms that combine art with utility (from utensils to dwellings ...
For elements in traction, a reduction of 25% in the working stress or an increase of 25% in the volume is therefore also necessary in the majority of cases. Determining the volume and the displacement of a structure using the indicators W and Δ is therefore reliable theoretically, providing that: the working stress is reduced by at least 25% ;
Name Country and territory Place Floor area Volume Department store: Shinsegae Centum City [91] South Korea: Busan: 509,810 m 2 (5,487,500 sq ft) Industrial building: Boeing Everett Factory United States: Everett, Washington: 398,000 m 2 (4.3 million sq ft) 13.3 million m 3 (472 million cubic ft) Legislature building: Sappaya-Sapasathan [92 ...
One of the best-known examples is the crypto-porticus under the palaces of the Caesars in Rome. In Hadrian's Villa in Rome they formed the principal private intercommunication between the several buildings. [20] Cuneus A wedge-shaped division of the Roman theatre separated by the scalae or stairways. [21] This shape also occurred in medieval ...
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When Pei won the international Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1983, he used the $100,000 award to start a program for aspiring Chinese architects to study in the United States.
Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] =, where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its weight per unit volume , [ 2 ] although this is scientifically inaccurate – this quantity is more ...