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An expert system is an example of a knowledge-based system. Expert systems were the first commercial systems to use a knowledge-based architecture. In general view, an expert system includes the following components: a knowledge base, an inference engine, an explanation facility, a knowledge acquisition facility, and a user interface. [48] [49]
A classic example of a production rule-based system is the domain-specific expert system that uses rules to make deductions or choices. [1] For example, an expert system might help a doctor choose the correct diagnosis based on a cluster of symptoms, or select tactical moves to play a game.
Feigenbaum was an expert in programming languages and heuristics, and helped Lederberg design a system that replicated the way Djerassi solved structure elucidation problems. [1] They devised a system called Dendritic Algorithm (Dendral) that was able to generate possible chemical structures corresponding to the mass spectrometry data as an output.
In the field of artificial intelligence, an inference engine is a software component of an intelligent system that applies logical rules to the knowledge base to deduce new information. The first inference engines were components of expert systems. The typical expert system consisted of a knowledge base and an inference engine.
The adaptive mixtures of local experts [5] [6] uses a gaussian mixture model.Each expert simply predicts a gaussian distribution, and totally ignores the input. Specifically, the -th expert predicts that the output is (,), where is a learnable parameter.
The first knowledge-based systems were primarily rule-based expert systems. These represented facts about the world as simple assertions in a flat database and used domain-specific rules to reason about these assertions, and then to add to them. One of the most famous of these early systems was Mycin, a program for medical diagnosis.
The engine used for automated reasoning in expert systems were typically called inference engines. Those used for more general logical inferencing are typically called theorem provers. [2] With the rise in popularity of expert systems many new types of automated reasoning were applied to diverse problems in government and industry.
Code has been included in the syllabi of post-secondary education technical courses, such as "Fundamentals of Modern Software" where it was called "a little dated, but it is a really clear and incredibly accessible presentation of how computers get from electrical currents flowing down wires to programs you can actually use" [8] and other ...