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Red (635 nm), blueish violet (445 nm), and green (520 nm) laser pointers. A laser pointer or laser pen is a (typically battery-powered) handheld device that uses a laser diode to emit a narrow low-power visible laser beam (i.e. coherent light) to highlight something of interest with a small bright colored spot.
Also used pulsed for marking and micromachining. A frequency doubled nd:YVO 4 laser is also the normal way of making a green laser pointer. Neodymium-doped yttrium calcium oxoborate Nd:Y Ca 4 O(BO 3) 3 or simply Nd:YCOB ~1.060 μm (~530 nm at second harmonic) laser diode
A green laser pointer is a frequency doubled Nd:YVO 4 diode-pumped solid state laser . [48] Nd:YAG can be also made to lase at its non-principal wavelength. The line at 946 nm is typically employed in "blue laser pointer" DPSS lasers, where it is doubled to 473 nm. [49] [50] [51]
A distributed-feedback laser (DFB) is a type of single-frequency laser diode. [11] DFBs are the most common transmitter type in DWDM systems. To stabilize the lasing wavelength, a diffraction grating is etched close to the p–n junction of the diode. This grating acts like an optical filter, causing a single wavelength to be fed back to the ...
For high output power BBO crystals are used as frequency doublers; for lower powers, KTP is used. Output powers available are up to 5000 mW. Conversion efficiency for producing 473 nm laser radiation is low with some of the best lab produced results coming in at 10–15% efficient at converting 946 nm laser radiation to 473 nm laser radiation. [25]
Furthermore, some lasers emit more than one wavelength of light, and this may be a particular problem with some less expensive frequency-doubled lasers, such as 532 nm "green laser pointers" which are commonly pumped by 808 nm infrared laser diodes, and also generate the fundamental 1064 nm laser beam which is used to produce the final 532 nm ...
The emitters are usually lasers, making what is termed a laser dazzler. Most of the contemporary systems can be carried by a person, and operate in either the red (a laser diode) or green (a diode-pumped solid-state laser, DPSS) areas of the electromagnetic spectrum. The green laser is chosen for its unique ability to react with the human eye. [5]
A speaker giving a presentation with an RF pointer in his left hand. Using a wireless clicker, helps the presenter to move freely, instead of being obliged to stay next to the computer, can get closer and keep in touch with the audience, watching the presentation together with them, being able to use the built-in laser pointer, in order to emphasize specific points in the dialogue with the ...