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When applied to the surface of the eye, side effects may include a brief period of blurry vision and discoloration of contact lenses of the soft type. [ 7 ] [ 3 ] When used by mouth or injection, side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time. [ 3 ]
The fluorescein is examined with a cobalt blue filter. At this point, the fluorescein appears green in color. Any changes in color or surface of the fluorescence area indicate the presence of corneal leakage. The test is contraindicated in obvious globe rupture, Full-thickness eye laceration, and fluorescein hypersensitivity. [1]
The fluorescein is administered intravenously in intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA) and orally in oral fluorescein angiography (OFA). The test is a dye tracing method. The fluorescein dye also reappears in the patient urine, causing the urine to appear darker, and sometimes orange. [2] It can also cause discolouration of the saliva.
Corneal perforation can be diagnosed by using the Seidel test. Any aqueous leakage is revealed during the Seidel test confirms corneal perforation. A fluorescence strip is wiped over the wound. If the clear aqueous humor from the eye runs through the yellow stain, the patient tests positive for corneal perforation.
Fluorescein is a fluorophore commonly used in microscopy, in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains, and in dye tracing. Fluorescein has an absorption maximum at 494 nm and emission maximum of 512 nm (in water).
In pure aqueous tear deficiency dry eye patients, fluorescein stains in the interpalpebral exposure zone. In mechanical dry eye patients, fluorescein staining can be seen by pulling down the lower lid spread to the non-exposure zone. A tear-clearance test can also detect irregularities in the tear film. [6]
When skin not exposed to the sun is tested, a positive direct IF (the so-called Lupus band test) is an evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. [2] Direct fluorescent antibody can also be used to detect parasitic infections, as was pioneered by Sadun, et al. (1960).
Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Rose bengal belongs to the class of organic compounds called xanthenes. [1] Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye.