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“Narcissism often runs in families, both due to genetics and family environment,” Dr. Johnson says, adding that when it comes to the genetic component, oxidative stress (the imbalance of free ...
A narcissistic parent is a parent affected by narcissism or narcissistic personality disorder. Typically, narcissistic parents are exclusively and possessively close to their children and are threatened by their children's growing independence. [ 1 ]
Dysfunctional families are primarily a result of two adults, one typically overtly abusive and the other codependent, and may also be affected by substance abuse or other forms of addiction, or sometimes by an untreated mental illness. Parents having grown up in a dysfunctional family may over-correct or emulate their own parents.
In the dysfunctional family, the child learns to become attuned to the parent's needs and feelings instead of the other way around. [33] Parenting is a role that requires a certain amount of self-sacrifice and giving a child's needs a high priority. A parent can be codependent toward their own child. [39]
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And if these narcissistic tendencies and traits seen in childhood are reinforced—rather than reversed—they can become increasingly stable and dysfunctional over these formative years.
Usually, this communication is an expressed dissatisfaction with the main party. For example, in a dysfunctional family in which there is alcoholism present, the non-drinking parent will go to a child and express dissatisfaction with the drinking parent. This includes the child in the discussion of how to solve the problem of the alcoholic parent.
Enmeshment was also used by John Bradshaw to describe a state of cross-generational bonding within a family, whereby a child (normally of the opposite sex) becomes a surrogate spouse for their mother or father. [6] The term is sometimes applied to engulfing codependent relationships, [7] where an unhealthy symbiosis is in existence. [8]