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For foraging habitat, evening bats in Georgia prefer pine forest, riparian zones, and open fields. [19] Evening bats have home ranges of approximately 300 hectare (1.15 mi 2). [19] Because the evening bat is not found in the northernmost extent of its range in the winter, it is likely that at least some evening bats are migratory. [4]
Copulation occurs in autumn and females store the sperm until spring, when they emerge from hibernation and go through estrus. [16] The female bat gives birth to one or two pups during early June; they weigh about 3 to 3.5 g (0.11 to 0.12 oz) at birth and in four or five weeks are capable of making short flights.
Like all bats in the United States, [54] big brown bats can be affected by rabies. The incubation period for rabies in this species can exceed four weeks, [55] though the mean incubation period is 24 days. [54] Rabid big brown bats will bite each other, which is the primary method of transmission from individual to individual.
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A maternity colony may range in size from 12 bats to 200, although in the eastern United States, colonies of 1,000 or more have been formed. [2] During the winter, these bats hibernate, often when temperatures are around 32 to 53 °F (around 0 °C to 11.5 °C.) Townsend's roost singly during hibernation, forming small clusters only rarely.
In the early 1960s, 1,544 Siberian bats were banded in Siberia. Of these individuals, at least 67 lived longer than 20 years (of note, all of these individuals were male). [ 8 ] In 2001, two individuals were documented 38 years after capture, making them, at the time, the longest-lived individuals of this species ever recorded. [ 9 ]
Rabid bats usually lose their ability to fly, and rarely become aggressive. [49] Careless handling of bats is the main cause of rabies transmission. Since 2000, all the five human rabies cases contracted domestically in Canada were acquired from bats. [50] Fewer than 2% of bats in Canada are rabid, 95% of which are big brown bats.
Over the winter, Bechstein's bats hibernate underground and in tree holes. Mating happens in autumn and spring, and delayed fertilization means that young (one per female) are born early in the following summer. Maternity colonies typically form late in the spring. [4]