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Article 160(2) of the Constitution of Malaysia defines various terms used in the Constitution, including "Malay," which is used in Article 153. "Malay" means a person who satisfies two sets of criteria: First, the person must be one who professes to be a Muslim, habitually speaks the Malay language, and adheres to Malay customs.
The status as a national language is codified in Article 152 of the constitution, [7] further strengthened by the passage of the National Language Act 1963/67. This standard Malay is often a second language following use of related Malayic languages spoken within Malaysia (excluding the Ibanic) identified by local scholars as "dialects" (loghat ...
Indonesian functions as a symbol of national identity and pride, and is a lingua franca among the diverse ethnic groups in Indonesia and the speakers of vernacular Malay dialects and Malay creoles. The Indonesian language serves as the national and official language, the language of education, communication, transaction and trade documentation ...
When Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore joined Malaya to form Malaysia in 1963, the Malaysia Act was passed in Parliament to amend the Constitution to provide for the name change and the inclusion of the three new states. 6th: Amend articles 9, 26, 35, 45, 57, 62, 160 Insert articles 43B, 43C Amend schedule 8: Act 19/1964 Constitution (Amendment) Act ...
The primary law governing nationality requirements is the Constitution of Malaysia, which came into force on 27 August 1957. All persons born in Malaysia between 31 August 1957 and 1 October 1962 automatically received citizenship by birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents.
As a result, Malay citizens who convert out of Islam are no longer considered Malay under the law. Hence, the bumiputra privileges afforded to Malays under Article 153 of the Constitution, the New Economic Policy (NEP), etc. are forfeit for such converts. Those who converted to another religion have created a number of legal issues.
Many other languages are used in Malaysia, which contains speakers of 137 living languages. [288] Peninsular Malaysia contains speakers of 41 of these languages. [289] The native tribes of East Malaysia have their own languages which are related to, but easily distinguishable from, Malay. Iban is the main tribal language in Sarawak while ...
In Malaysia, the terms "Indonesian Malay" and "Malaysian Malay" are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malay as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, "Indonesian Malay" usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the Malay peoples of Indonesia, that is, to Malay as a regional language in Sumatra, though it is rarely used. [21]