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Version of the hypothesis implicating failure to generate more adipocytes in tissue expandability. The adipose tissue expandability hypothesis posits that metabolic dysregulation that appears to be caused by excess weight, such as type 2 diabetes [1] and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, [2] are triggered when an individual's capacity for storing excess calories in the subcutaneous adipose ...
A large meta-analysis has shown that white adipose tissue cell size is dependent on measurement methods, adipose tissue depots, age, and body mass index; for the same degree of obesity, increases in fat cell size were also associated with the dysregulations in glucose and lipid metabolism. [2]
Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes. [1] [2] It also contains the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of cells including preadipocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and a variety of immune cells such as adipose tissue macrophages.
MHO individuals display less visceral adipose tissue, smaller adipocytes, and a reduced inflammatory profile relative to metabolically unhealthy obese individuals. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] As a result, it has been argued that cardiometabolic risk might not improve significantly as a result of weight loss interventions.
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes numerous protein hormones, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. [1] These hormones generally influence energy metabolism , which is of great interest to the understanding and treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity .
In humans, when calories are restricted because of war, famine, or diet, lost weight is typically regained quickly, including for obese patients. [2] In the Minnesota Starvation Experiment, after human subjects were fed a near-starvation diet for a period, losing 66% of their initial fat mass, and later allowed to eat freely, they reattained and even surpassed their original fat levels ...
The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek adipo-, fat; cytos-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are cytokines (cell signaling proteins) secreted by adipose tissue.Some contribute to an obesity-related low-grade state of inflammation or to the development of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of diseases including, but not limited to, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. [1]
Android fat distribution describes the distribution of human adipose tissue mainly around the trunk and upper body, in areas such as the abdomen, chest, shoulder and nape of the neck. [1] This pattern may lead to an "triangle"-shaped body or central obesity, and is more common in males than in females.