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The culture of the Philippines is characterized by great ethnic diversity. [1] Although the multiple ethnic groups of the Philippine archipelago have only recently established a shared Filipino national identity, [2] their cultures were all shaped by the geography and history of the region, [3] [4] and by centuries of interaction with neighboring cultures, and colonial powers.
Polo y servicio was the forced labor system without compensation [1] imposed upon the local population in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. [2] In concept, it was similar to Repartimiento, a forced labor system used in the Spanish America. [3] The word polo refers to community work, and the laborer was called polista. [4]
Filipino values are, for the most part, centered at maintaining social harmony, motivated primarily by the desire to be accepted within a group. [ dubious – discuss ] The main sanction against diverging from these values are the concepts of Tagalog : hiya , roughly translated as 'a sense of shame', and ' amor propio ' or 'self-esteem'. [ 4 ]
The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (Spanish: Gobierno Revolucionario de Filipinas) was a revolutionary government established in the Spanish East Indies on June 23, 1898, during the Spanish–American War, by Emilio Aguinaldo, its initial and only president. [3]
The Philippines, with the National Commission for Culture and the Arts [1] as the de facto Ministry of Culture, [2] ratified the 2003 Convention after its formal deposit in August 2006. [3] This implies that there is an obligation to carry out the objectives of the convention to ensure the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage.
It was re-labelled as Pilipino in 1959, [13] and Filipino in 1987. With the successful establishment of American-style public education with English as a consequential medium, more than 20% of the Philippine population was reported to be able to understand and speak English just before the turn of the mid-20th century. [10]
The first Filipino book written in English, The Child of Sorrow, was published in 1921. Early English literature is characterized by melodrama, figurative language, and an emphasis on local color. [265] A later theme was the search for Filipino identity, reconciling Spanish and American influence with the Philippines' Asian heritage. [266]
One of the main reasons why some children stop playing Filipino games is because Western sports (e.g. basketball or volleyball) are featured in local barangays and in schools. With a lack of organized sports activities for Filipino street games, Filipino children may adapt to modernity by abandoning their childhood games.