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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a sewage treatment configuration applied to activated sludge systems for the removal of phosphate. [ 1 ] The common element in EBPR implementations is the presence of an anaerobic tank ( nitrate and oxygen are absent) prior to the aeration tank.
The most studied example of this phenomenon is in polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria (PAB) found in a type of wastewater processing known as enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), however phosphate hyperaccumulation has been found to occur in other conditions such as soil and marine environments, as well as in non-bacterial organisms ...
Maintaining optimal pH is important for the removal of phosphorus from water. Phosphorus is most effectively removed at the neutral pH range, when the insoluble aluminum hydroxide is present. This hydroxide functions as a Lewis acid, [5] creating a flocculation environment similar to conventional wastewater treatment.
The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa. It is one of several biological wastewater treatment alternatives in secondary treatment , which deals with the removal of biodegradable organic ...
Sewage treatment plants that have an enhanced biological phosphorus removal step produce a sewage sludge that is rich in phosphorus. Various processes have been developed to extract phosphorus from sewage sludge directly, from the ash after incineration of the sewage sludge or from other products of sewage sludge treatment.
Primary treatment is the "removal of a portion of the suspended solids and organic matter from the sewage". [5]: 11 It consists of allowing sewage to pass slowly through a basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface and are skimmed off.
Another benefit for sewage treatment plant operators of treating sludge dewatering streams for phosphorus recovery is that it reduces the formation of obstructive struvite scale in pipes, pumps and valves. Such obstructions can be a maintenance headache particularly for biological nutrient removal plants where the phosphorus content in the ...
Ammonia removal occurs in constructed wetlands – if they are designed to achieve biological nutrient removal – in a similar ways as in sewage treatment plants, except that no external, energy-intensive addition of air (oxygen) is needed. [6] It is a two-step process, consisting of nitrification followed by denitrification.