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Advanced Placement (AP) Human Geography (also known as AP Human Geo, AP Geography, APHG, AP HuGe, APHug, AP Human, HuGS, AP HuGo, or HGAP) is an Advanced Placement social studies course in human geography for high school, usually freshmen students in the US, culminating in an exam administered by the College Board. [1]
Spatial scale is a specific application of the term scale for describing or categorizing (e.g. into orders of magnitude) the size of a space (hence spatial), or the extent of it at which a phenomenon or process occurs. [1] [2] For instance, in physics an object or phenomenon can be called microscopic if too small to be visible.
Full integration of spatial data analysis tools with the R: classes for spatial data; handling spatial data; reading and writing spatial data; point pattern analysis; geostatistics; disease mapping and areal data analysis; spatial regression and ecological analysis. R GPL-2: Google Earth: yes Linux, MAC OS, Windows: Google: Google Earth: 3D ...
Spatial measurement scale is a persistent issue in spatial analysis; more detail is available at the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) topic entry. Landscape ecologists developed a series of scale invariant metrics for aspects of ecology that are fractal in nature. [ 37 ]
In different contexts, "scale" could have very different connotations, which could be classified as follows: [4] Geographic scale or the scale of observation: the spatial extent of a study. E.g. a spatial analysis of the entire United States might be considered a large-scale one, while a study on a city has a relatively small scale.
In geography, different geographic (scale) levels are distinguished: The local scale level relates to a small area, usually a city or municipality; The regional scale level relates to a larger area, usually a region, state or province; The national scale level relates to a country; The continental scale level refers to a continent;
It is tools that support social and spatial network analysis. It is interoperable with other spatial analysis tools such as ARCGIS. See also Dynamic Network Analysis. [28] Isovist_2-3 – Free software for Mac and PC that provides advanced, real-time, high definition isovist point, path and field analysis in architectural plan and section drawings.
Space syntax has also been applied to predict the correlation between spatial layouts and social effects such as crime, traffic flow, and sales per unit area. [citation needed] In general, the analysis uses one of many software programs that allow researchers to analyse graphs of one (or more) of the primary spatial components.