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For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
In the temperature ranges commonly used, the metal and the oxide are in a condensed state (solid or liquid), and oxygen is a gas with a much larger molar entropy. For the oxidation of each metal, the dominant contribution to the entropy change (ΔS) is the removal of 1 ⁄ 2 mol O 2, so that ΔS is negative and roughly equal for all metals.
The speed of sound in any chemical element in the fluid phase has one temperature ... 28 Ni nickel; use: 6040: 3000: 4900: room temperature CRC: ... 8 O oxygen (gas) use:
Solid oxygen forms at normal atmospheric pressure at a temperature below 54.36 K (−218.79 °C, −361.82 °F). Solid oxygen O 2 , like liquid oxygen , is a clear substance with a light sky-blue color caused by absorption in the red part of the visible light spectrum.
Indeed, for solid metallic chemical elements at room temperature, atom-molar heat capacities range from about 2.8 R to 3.4 R. Large exceptions at the lower end involve solids composed of relatively low-mass, tightly bonded atoms, such as beryllium (2.0 R , only of 66% of the theoretical value), and diamond (0.735 R , only 24%).
Covalent nonmetals existing as discrete atoms like xenon, or as small molecules, such as oxygen, sulfur, and bromine, have low melting and boiling points; many are gases at room temperature, as they are held together by weak London dispersion forces acting between their atoms or molecules, although the molecules themselves have strong covalent ...
Gas CS 2: 116.7 Carbon monoxide: Gas CO −110.525 Carbonyl chloride Gas COCl 2: −218.8 Carbon dioxide (un–ionized) Aqueous CO 2 (aq) −419.26 Bicarbonate ion Aqueous HCO 3 – −689.93 Carbonate ion Aqueous CO 3 2– −675.23 Monatomic chlorine Gas Cl 121.7 Chloride ion Aqueous Cl −: −167.2 Chlorine: Gas Cl 2: 0 Chromium: Solid Cr 0 ...
Nickel is a silvery-white metal with a slight golden tinge that takes a high polish. It is one of only four elements that are ferromagnetic at or near room temperature; the others are iron, cobalt and gadolinium. Its Curie temperature is 355 °C (671 °F), meaning that bulk nickel is non-magnetic above this temperature.