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A magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) is an instrument used to detect minute variations in the Earth's magnetic field. [1] The term typically refers to magnetometers used by military forces to detect submarines (a mass of ferromagnetic material creates a detectable disturbance in the magnetic field).
The Bangui magnetic anomaly in central Africa and the Kursk magnetic anomaly in eastern Europe (both in red) In geophysics, a magnetic anomaly is a local variation in the Earth's magnetic field resulting from variations in the chemistry or magnetism of the rocks. Mapping of variation over an area is valuable in detecting structures obscured by ...
Maritime patrol aircraft to detect submarines using Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD) (Dassault Atlantique 2) Aeromagnetic surveys were first performed in World War II to detect submarines using a Magnetic Anomaly Detector attached to an aircraft. This method is still widely used by military maritime patrol aircraft.
The Earth's magnetic field can vary from 20,000 to 80,000 nT depending on location, fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field are on the order of 100 nT, and magnetic field variations due to magnetic anomalies can be in the picotesla (pT) range. [3] Gaussmeters and teslameters are magnetometers that measure in units of gauss or tesla ...
A significant detection aid that has continued in service is the Magnetic Anomaly Detector (MAD), a passive device. First used during the Second World War, MAD uses the Earth's magnetosphere as a standard, detecting anomalies caused by large metallic vessels, such as submarines.
The Lockheed P-3 Orion is a four-engined, turboprop anti-submarine and maritime surveillance aircraft developed for the United States Navy and introduced in the 1960s. Lockheed based it on the L-188 Electra commercial airliner; it is easily distinguished from the Electra by its distinctive tail stinger or "MAD" boom, used for the magnetic anomaly detection (MAD) of submarines.
Typically, these magnetic anomaly detectors are flown in aircraft like the UK's Nimrod or towed as an instrument or an array of instruments from surface ships. Commercially, geophysical prospecting companies also use magnetic detectors to identify naturally occurring anomalies from ore bodies, such as the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly.
They are useful in the study of magnetic anomaly detection, with historical applications in submarine hunting and underwater mine detection. [1] They approximately describe the signal detected by a total field sensor as the sensor passes by a target (assuming the targets signature is small compared to the Earth's magnetic field).