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Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people.
A closed (non-missile) head injury is where the dura mater remains intact. The skull can be fractured, but not necessarily. A penetrating head injury occurs when an object pierces the skull and breaches the dura mater. Brain injuries may be diffuse, occurring over a wide area, or
Even though 50–80% of injuries in football are directed to the legs, head injuries have been shown to account for between 4 and 22% of football injuries. There is the possibility that heading the ball could damage the head, as the ball can travel at 100 km/hour; although most professional footballers have reported that they experienced head ...
Most people with severe closed head injury either die or recover enough to live independently; middle ground is less common. [10] Coma, as it is closely related to severity, is a strong predictor of poor outcome. [11] Prognosis differs depending on the severity and location of the lesion, and access to immediate, specialised acute management.
open head injury; closed head injury; penetrating: when a sharp object enters the brain, causing a large damage area. Penetrating injuries caused by bullets have a 91 percent mortality rate. Deceleration injuries; Poisoning; for example, from heavy metals including mercury and compounds of lead; Genetic disorder; Hypoxia, including birth ...
Closed head injury (coup contrecoup) can damage more than the impact sites on the brain, as axon bundles may be torn or twisted, blood vessels may rupture, and elevated intracranial pressure can distort the walls of the ventricles. [7] [10] [11] Diffuse axonal injury is a key pathology in concussive brain injury. [5] The visual system may be ...
Catastrophic injury; Cauda equina syndrome; Cerebral contusion; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome; Cerebral laceration; Cerebral palsy; Cerebral perfusion pressure; Childhood acquired brain injury; Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium; Chronic traumatic encephalopathy; Closed-head injury; Cognitive rehabilitation ...
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.