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Although the 1-3-3-5-9 system of point totals is the most commonly given, many other systems of valuing pieces have been proposed. Several systems treat the bishop as slightly more powerful than a knight. [19] [20] Note: Where a value for the king is given, this is used when considering piece development, its power in the endgame, etc.
A variant first described by Claude Shannon provides an argument about the game-theoretic value of chess: he proposes allowing the move of “pass”. In this variant, it is provable with a strategy stealing argument that the first player has at least a draw thus: if the first player has a winning move in the initial position, let him play it, else pass.
Vuković’s mate is a mate involving a protected rook which delivers checkmate to the king at the edge of the board, while a knight covers the remaining escape squares of the king. The rook is usually protected with either the king or a pawn.
A checkmate may occur in as few as two moves on one side with all of the pieces still on the board (as in fool's mate, in the opening phase of the game), in a middlegame position (as in the 1956 game called the Game of the Century between Donald Byrne and Bobby Fischer), [3] or after many moves with as few as three pieces in an endgame position.
Swiss system tournaments, a type of group tournament common in chess and other board games, and in card games such as bridge, use various criteria to break ties between players who have the same total number of points after the last round. This is needed when prizes are indivisible, such as titles, trophies, or qualification for another tournament.
Game-tree complexity of a game is the number of leaf nodes in the smallest full-width decision tree that establishes the value of the initial position. [1] A full-width tree includes all nodes at each depth. This is an estimate of the number of positions one would have to evaluate in a minimax search to determine the value of the initial position.
The chess endgame with a king and a pawn versus a king is one of the most important and fundamental endgames, other than the basic checkmates. [1] It is an important endgame for chess players to master, since most other endgames have the potential of reducing to this type of endgame via exchanges of pieces.
In computer chess, the output of an evaluation function is typically an integer, and the units of the evaluation function are typically referred to as pawns.The term 'pawn' refers to the value when the player has one more pawn than the opponent in a position, as explained in Chess piece relative value.