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  2. Least absolute deviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_absolute_deviations

    Least absolute deviations (LAD), also known as least absolute errors (LAE), least absolute residuals (LAR), or least absolute values (LAV), is a statistical optimality criterion and a statistical optimization technique based on minimizing the sum of absolute deviations (also sum of absolute residuals or sum of absolute errors) or the L 1 norm of such values.

  3. Remainder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remainder

    and −2 is the least absolute remainder. In the division of 42 by 5, we have: 42 = 8 × 5 + 2, and since 2 < 5/2, 2 is both the least positive remainder and the least absolute remainder. In these examples, the (negative) least absolute remainder is obtained from the least positive remainder by subtracting 5, which is d. This holds in general.

  4. Biostatistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostatistics

    Biostatistics (also known as biometry) is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in biology. It encompasses the design of biological experiments , the collection and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of the results.

  5. Euclidean algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_algorithm

    The theorem which underlies the definition of the Euclidean division ensures that such a quotient and remainder always exist and are unique. [20] In Euclid's original version of the algorithm, the quotient and remainder are found by repeated subtraction; that is, r k−1 is subtracted from r k−2 repeatedly until the remainder r k is smaller ...

  6. List of mathematics-based methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematics-based...

    Inverse transform sampling method (probability) Iterative method (numerical analysis) Jacobi method (linear algebra) Largest remainder method (voting systems) Level-set method; Linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method (molecular orbitals) Method of characteristics; Least squares method (optimization, statistics)

  7. Euclidean division - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_division

    In arithmetic, Euclidean division – or division with remainder – is the process of dividing one integer (the dividend) by another (the divisor), in a way that produces an integer quotient and a natural number remainder strictly smaller than the absolute value of the divisor. A fundamental property is that the quotient and the remainder ...

  8. Mathematical and theoretical biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_and...

    Mathematical and theoretical biology, or biomathematics, is a branch of biology which employs theoretical analysis, mathematical models and abstractions of living organisms to investigate the principles that govern the structure, development and behavior of the systems, as opposed to experimental biology which deals with the conduction of ...

  9. Total least squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_least_squares

    This solution has been rediscovered in different disciplines and is variously known as standardised major axis (Ricker 1975, Warton et al., 2006), [14] [15] the reduced major axis, the geometric mean functional relationship (Draper and Smith, 1998), [16] least products regression, diagonal regression, line of organic correlation, and the least ...