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Early proposals for an optical telegraph system were made to the Royal Society by Robert Hooke in 1684 [12] and were first implemented on an experimental level by Sir Richard Lovell Edgeworth in 1767. [13] The first successful optical telegraph network was invented by Claude Chappe and operated in France from 1793. [14]
The first commercial needle telegraph system and the most widely used of its type was the Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph, invented in 1837. The second category are armature systems, in which the current activates a telegraph sounder that makes a click; communication on this type of system relies on sending clicks in coded rhythmic patterns.
Cooke and Wheatstone had their first commercial success with a telegraph installed in 1838 on the Great Western Railway over the 13 miles (21 km) from Paddington station to West Drayton. Indeed, this was the first commercial telegraph in the world. [10] This was a five-needle, six-wire [9] system. The cables were originally installed ...
The Foy–Breguet telegraph code. The first attempt to bring the electrical telegraph to France was made by Samuel Morse in 1838. He demonstrated his system to the French Academy of Sciences and made a bid for the contract to install a telegraph along the line of the Paris to Saint-Germain railway. However, the French government decided that ...
In 1969 Post Office Telecommunications, of which the telegraph service formed a part, was made a distinct department of the Post Office, [291] and in 1981 it was separated entirely from the Post Office as British Telecom as a first step to its privatisation in 1984. [292]
The principal disadvantage to the system was its prohibitive cost, due to having to manufacture and string-up the multiple wire circuits it employed, as opposed to the single wire (with ground return) used by later telegraphs. The first working telegraph was built by Francis Ronalds in 1816 and used static electricity. [11]
On this day in 1911 the first telegram was sent around the world via a commercial service from the New York Times' office to test how fast a message could travel through a dedicated cable.
The Electric Telegraph Company was the world's first public telegraph company, founded in the United Kingdom by Sir William Fothergill Cooke and John Lewis Ricardo, MP for Stoke-on-Trent, [1] with Cromwell F. Varley as chief engineer. [2] It was incorporated by the the Electric Telegraph Company's Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. xlvi).