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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has the capability to enter a latent stage of infection where it exists as a dormant provirus in CD4+ T-cells.Most latently infected cells are resting memory T cells, [1] however a small fraction of latently infected cells isolated from HIV patients are naive CD4 T cells.
Continuous HIV replication results in a state of generalized immune activation persisting throughout the chronic phase. [6] Immune activation, which is reflected by the increased activation state of immune cells and release of proinflammatory cytokines , results from the activity of several HIV gene products and the immune response to ongoing ...
Contracting HIV can lead to the development of AIDS or stage 3 HIV, which causes serious damage to the immune system. [medical citation needed] While this virus is the underlying cause of AIDS, [3] not all HIV-positive individuals have AIDS, as HIV can remain in a latent state for many years.
A small proportion of humans show partial or apparently complete innate resistance to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. [1] The main mechanism is a mutation of the gene encoding CCR5, which acts as a co-receptor for HIV. It is estimated that the proportion of people with some form of resistance to HIV is under 10%. [2]
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[5] [12] An HIV-positive person on treatment can expect to live a normal life, and die with the virus, not of it. [13] [12] Effective treatment for HIV-positive people (people living with HIV) involves a life-long regimen of medicine to suppress the virus, making the viral load undetectable.
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