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Self-transcendence is distinctive as the first trait-concept of a spiritual nature to be incorporated into a major theory of personality. [6] It is one of the "character" dimensions of personality assessed in Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory. [2] It is also assessed by the Self-Transcendence Scale [7] and the Adult Self ...
The second dimension, self-enhancement versus self-transcendence, contrasts self-focused interests with values oriented toward the welfare of others. [1] Although the theory distinguishes ten values, the borders between the motivators are artificial and one value flows into the next, which can be seen by the following shared motivational emphases:
Maslow later subdivided the triangle's top to include self-transcendence, also known as spiritual needs. Spiritual needs differ from other types of needs in that they can be met on multiple levels. When this need is met, it produces feelings of integrity and raises things to a higher plane of existence. [ 32 ]
Transpersonal psychology focuses on exploring spiritual experiences, mystical states, self-transcendence, and the holistic development of human potential. An interest group was later re-formed as the Transpersonal Psychology Interest Group (TPIG), which continued to promote transpersonal issues in collaboration with Division 32. [6]
Late in his career Maslow focused increasingly on self-transcendence as a human phenomenon and concern. As he explained in his seminal paper titled Theory Z, the motivation for transcendence literally 'transcends' his original hierarchy of needs. So, for example, some people who achieve self-actualization — the highest level of his original ...
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al. [1] It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models [2] and those of the five factor model.
[3] [5] The TCI Self-Transcendence scale is often used as a measure of spirituality. [52] [64] [65] Cloninger proposed that the psyche is the aspect of a human being that motivates the search for self-transcendence and underlies the human capacities for self-awareness, creativity, and freedom of will. [23]
A peak experience is an altered state of consciousness characterized by euphoria, often achieved by self-actualizing individuals. [citation needed] The concept was originally developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in mid-1940s [1] [2] and term was coined by him in 1956 (see "History" below).