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The action potential passes along the cell membrane causing the cell to contract, therefore the activity of the sinoatrial node results in a resting heart rate of roughly 60–100 beats per minute. All cardiac muscle cells are electrically linked to one another, by intercalated discs which allow the action potential to pass from one cell to the ...
These are known as transverse-tubules (t-tubules), which are also found in skeletal muscle cells and allow for the action potential to travel into the centre of the cell. [7] Special proteins called L-type calcium channels (also known as dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR)) are located on the t-tubule membrane and are activated by the action ...
The exocrine pancreas is one of two compartments that include digestive-acting acinar cells and duct cells.They represent an extension of the intercalated duct into each pancreatic acinus. [1] These cells are commonly known as duct cells, and secrete an aqueous bicarbonate solution under stimulation by the hormone secretin. They also secrete ...
The conduction system consists of specialized heart muscle cells, situated within the myocardium. [3] There is a skeleton of fibrous tissue that surrounds the conduction system which can be seen on an ECG. Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular heart rhythms including rhythms that are too fast or too slow.
Endocardial cushions, or atrioventricular cushions, refer to a subset of cells in the development of the heart that play a vital role in the proper formation of the heart septa. They develop on the atrioventricular canal [2] and conotruncal region of the bulbus cordis. [3] During heart development, the heart starts out as a tube. As heart ...
These cells can differentiate into endocardium which lines the heart chamber and valves and the myocardium which forms the musculature of the ventricles and the atria. The heart cells are specified in anterior mesoderm by proteins such as Dickkopf-related protein 1, Nodal homolog, and Cerberus secreted by the anterior endoderm. Whether Dickkopf ...
Acinar exocrine glands are found in many organs, including: the stomach [1] the sebaceous gland of the scalp; the salivary glands of the tongue [2] the liver; the lacrimal glands; the mammary glands; the pancreas [3] the bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands
Neural crest cells are multipotent cells required for the development of cells, tissues and organ systems. [1] A subpopulation of neural crest cells are the cardiac neural crest complex. This complex refers to the cells found amongst the midotic placode and somite 3 destined to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and migration to the ...