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Mitchella repens (commonly partridge berry or squaw vine) is the best known plant in the genus Mitchella. It is a creeping prostrate herbaceous woody shrub occurring in North America belonging to the madder family ( Rubiaceae ).
It is known colloquially as the lingonberry, partridgeberry, [a] foxberry, mountain cranberry, or cowberry. It is native to boreal forest and Arctic tundra throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Commercially cultivated in the United States Pacific Northwest [ 4 ] and the Netherlands , [ 5 ] the edible berries are also picked in the wild and used ...
The name partridgeberry is commonly applied to a number of plant species including: Mitchella repens; Gaultheria procumbens; Vaccinium vitis-idaea (in Newfoundland and Labrador), better known as lingonberry
The early English version of the shrub arose from the medicinal cordials of the 15th century. [1] The drink gained popularity among smugglers in the 1680s trying to avoid paying import taxes for goods shipped from mainland Europe: [1] [3] To avoid detection, smugglers would sometimes sink barrels of spirits off-shore to be retrieved later; [1] the addition of fruit flavours aided in masking ...
V. tinus has medicinal properties. The active ingredients are viburnin (a substance or more probably a mixture of compounds) and tannins. Tannins can cause stomach upset. The leaves when infused have antipyretic properties. The fruits have been used as purgatives against constipation.
The berry itself has a low sugar content [9] and a mildly sweet tang. It contains a glycoprotein molecule, with some trailing carbohydrate chains, called miraculin . [ 10 ] When the fleshy part of the fruit is eaten, this molecule binds to the tongue's taste buds , causing sour foods to taste sweet.
They are modified triterpenoids where their aglycone is a steroid, these compounds typically consist of a steroid aglycone attached to one or more sugar molecules, which can have various biological activities. These compounds are known for their significant cytotoxic, neurotrophic and antibacterial properties.
The fruit is edible [5] but the saponin chemicals it contains may cause gastrointestinal irritation if large quantities are consumed. [citation needed] Unrelated plants in the genus Sapindus, also commonly denominated "soapberry", produce toxic saponins.