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The Arthashastra dedicates Book 7 and 10 to war, and considers numerous scenarios and reasons for war. It classifies war into three broad types – open war, covert war and silent war. [ 175 ] It then dedicates chapters to defining each type of war, how to engage in these wars and how to detect that one is a target of covert or silent types of ...
This book is a compilation of ten lectures delivered at Calcutta University. Sir Asutosh Mookerjee , Vice-chancellor of Calcutta University, personally invited Sastry to deliver these lectures. In this work, the ancient Indian administrative systems and various levels of administrative set-up were critically examined, on the basis of Vedas ...
This palm leaf manuscript is preserved in the library, now named Oriental Research Institute. The pages of the book are filled with 1500-year-old Grantha script. It looks like as if they have been printed but the words have been inscribed by hand. Other copies of Arthashastra were later discovered later in other parts of India. [1]
Ratna Pariksha is mentioned in Kautilya's Arthashastra (323-299 B.C.). [5] Vatsayana, the author of the Kamasutra also mentions rupa-ratna-pariksha. [6] The method was also studied by princes in Karnataka during the medieval period. [7] The author of this treatise is very commonly known to be one Buddha Bhatt.
[47] The identification happens at the penultimate paragraph of the Arthashastra, which states, "without the explicit use of the name Canakya," that the treatise was authored by the person who rescued the country from the Nanda kings," [48] that is, the Maurya prime minister Chanakya who played a pivotal role in the overthrow of the Nanda dynasty.
[6] [7] Goodall adds regional texts such as Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti to the list. [6] Beyond the Sruti, Hindu texts include Smritis, Shastras, Sutras, Tantras, Puranas, Itihasas, Stotras, Subhashitas and others. [8] [9] Most of these texts exist in Sanskrit, [10] [11] and Old Tamil, and also later in other Indic languages.
The Arthashastra (1.7.6) emphasizes Artha's importance, with Kautilya stating that material gain is the most crucial of the three ends of life, as it supports the realization of dharma and kama. [10] James Lochtefeld describes [1] artha as the means of life, and includes material prosperity.
In the fourth century BCE, Kautilya in his Arthashastra recognised it as a distinct branch of learning different from Vedas and other disciplines. Kautilya classifies all disciplines into four categories: scripture (the three Vedas, trayi ), agriculture and commerce ( varta ), politics and public administration ( danda-niti ), and ...