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Copper deficiency, or hypocupremia, is defined as insufficient copper to meet the body's needs, or as a serum copper level below the normal range. [1] Symptoms may include fatigue , decreased red blood cells , early greying of the hair, and neurological problems presenting as numbness , tingling, muscle weakness, and ataxia . [ 2 ]
Familial benign copper deficiency, also known as Familial benign hypocupremia is a rare genetic disorder which is characterized by hypocupremia that causes symptoms such as epilepsy, hypotonia, seborrheic skin, thriving failure and mild anemia. [2] Radiological findings include tibia and femur spurring. [3]
Copper deficiency in the brain results in neurological problems that generally appear in adulthood and worsen over time. [3] Aceruloplasminemia has been seen worldwide, but its overall prevalence is unknown. Studies in Japan have estimated that approximately 1 in 2 million adults in this population are affected. [4]
Copper deficiency is a major issue in global food production, resulting in losses in yield and reduced quality of output. Nitrogen fertilizers can worsen copper deficiency in agricultural soils. [citation needed] The world's two most important food crops, rice and wheat, are highly susceptible to copper deficiency.
Medical treatments are available for Wilson's disease. Some increase the removal of copper from the body, while others prevent the absorption of copper from the diet. Generally, penicillamine is the first treatment used. This binds to copper (by chelation) and leads to excretion of copper in the urine. Hence, monitoring of the amount of copper ...
2- Acquired clonal: 40% are responsive, but the response may be minimal. 3- Acquired reversible: 60% are responsive, but course depends on treatment of the underlying cause. Severe refractory sideroblastic anemias requiring regular transfusions and/or that undergo leukemic transformation (5–10%) significantly reduce life expectancy.
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Menkes disease (MNK), also known as Menkes syndrome, [1] [2] is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in genes coding for the copper-transport protein ATP7A, [3] leading to copper deficiency. [4] [5] Characteristic findings include kinky hair, growth failure, and nervous system deterioration. Like all X-linked recessive conditions ...