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It uses specific manual thrusts focused on restoring normal biomechanical function. It has been developed to adjust extremity joints, as well. Gonstead Technique—Developed by an automotive engineer-turned-chiropractor, this technique uses a precise analysis method, including stereoscopes, full spine X-rays, and precise adjusting techniques ...
The use of X-ray imaging in the case of vertebral subluxation exposes patients to harmful ionizing radiation for no evidentially supported reason. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] The 2008 book Trick or Treatment states "X-rays can reveal neither the subluxations nor the innate intelligence associated with chiropractic philosophy, because they do not exist."
Compared to the lowest dose X-ray techniques, CT scans can have 100 to 1,000 times higher dose than conventional X-rays. [149] However, a lumbar spine X-ray has a similar dose as a head CT. [ 150 ] Articles in the media often exaggerate the relative dose of CT by comparing the lowest-dose X-ray techniques (chest X-ray) with the highest-dose CT ...
The upper cervical spine has a curve, convex forward, that begins at the axis (second cervical vertebra) at the apex of the odontoid process or dens and ends at the middle of the second thoracic vertebra; it is the least marked of all the curves. This inward curve is known as a lordotic curve. A thoracic spine X-ray of a 57-year-old male.
In some, the x-ray findings may correspond to symptoms of back stiffness with flexion/extension or with mild back pain. [2] Back pain or stiffness may be worse in the morning. [ 4 ] Rarely, large anterior cervical spine osteophytes may affect the esophagus or the larynx and cause pain , difficulty swallowing [ 5 ] [ 6 ] or even dyspnea . [ 7 ]
Historically the procedure involved the injection of a radiocontrast agent into the cervical or lumbar spine, followed by several X-ray projections. Today, myelography has largely been replaced by the use of MRI scans , although the technique is still sometimes used under certain circumstances – though now usually in conjunction with CT ...
The purported displacement is not necessarily visible on static imaging studies, such as X-rays. [8] This is in contrast to the medical definition of spinal subluxation which, according to the WHO, is a "significant structural displacement", and therefore visible on X-rays. [8] As of 2014, the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners states: [15]