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  2. Europa (moon) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)

    The scientific consensus is that a layer of liquid water exists beneath Europa's surface, and that heat from tidal flexing allows the subsurface ocean to remain liquid. [ 19 ] [ 80 ] Europa's surface temperature averages about 110 K (−160 °C ; −260 °F ) at the equator and only 50 K (−220 °C; −370 °F) at the poles, keeping Europa's ...

  3. Torricelli's experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torricelli's_experiment

    Torricelli concluded that the mercury fluid in the tube is aided by the atmospheric pressure that is present on the surface of mercury fluid on the dish. He also stated that the changes of liquid level from day to day are caused by the variation of atmospheric pressure. The empty space in the tube is called the Torricellian vacuum. [3] 760 mmHg ...

  4. Europa Clipper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Clipper

    Europa Clipper (previously known as Europa Multiple Flyby Mission) is a space probe developed by NASA to study Europa, a Galilean moon of Jupiter. It was launched on October 14, 2024. [ 15 ] The spacecraft will use gravity assists from Mars on March 1, 2025, [ 10 ] and Earth on December 3, 2026, [ 11 ] before arriving at Europa in April 2030 ...

  5. Potential for water on Jupiter’s moon Europa - study - AOL

    www.aol.com/potential-shallow-liquid-water...

    Europa is a prime candidate for life in the Solar System, researchers suggest.

  6. Magdeburg hemispheres - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres

    The Magdeburg hemispheres are a pair of large copper hemispheres with mating rims that were used in a famous 1654 experiment to demonstrate the power of atmospheric pressure. When the rims were sealed with grease and the air was pumped out, the sphere contained a vacuum and could not be pulled apart by teams of horses. Once the valve was opened ...

  7. Interplanetary contamination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination

    Models of how Europa is affected by tidal heating require a subsurface layer of liquid water in order to accurately reproduce the linear fracturing of the surface. Indeed, observations by the Galileo spacecraft of how Europa's magnetic field interacts with Jupiter's field strengthens the case for a liquid, rather than solid, layer; an ...

  8. Exploration of Jupiter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_Jupiter

    This led many to suggest that these cracks might be similar to ice floes on Earth, and that Europa might have a liquid water interior. [30] Europa may be internally active due to tidal heating at a level about one-tenth that of Io, and as a result, the moon is thought to have a thin crust less than 30 kilometers (19 mi) thick of water ice ...

  9. Pascal's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_law

    Pressure in water and air. Pascal's law applies for fluids. Pascal's principle is defined as: A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed incompressible fluid at rest is transmitted equally and undiminished to all points in all directions throughout the fluid, and the force due to the pressure acts at right angles to the enclosing walls.