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Intraoperative blood salvage (IOS), also known as cell salvage, is a specific type of autologous blood transfusion. Specifically IOS is a medical procedure involving recovering blood lost during surgery and re-infusing it into the patient. It is a major form of autotransfusion.
The latter form of autotransfusion is utilized in surgeries where there is expected a large volume blood loss – e.g. aneurysm, total joint replacement, and spinal surgeries. The effectiveness, safety, and cost-savings of intraoperative cell salvage in people who are undergoing thoracic or abdominal surgery following trauma is not known. [1]
The process is commonly known as "cell-saver" and is considered far superior to the use of blood from a donor, because it reduces the possibility of infection and provides more functional cells back to the patient. [1] Because the blood is recirculated, there is no limit to the amount of blood that can be given back to the patient. [2]
During surgical procedures that are expected to have significant blood loss, blood that is lost during surgery can be collected, filtered, washed and given back to the patient. [18] This procedure is known as intraoperative blood salvage. [19] Pharmacologic agents, for example tranexamic acid, can also be utilized to minimize blood loss. [20]
Autologous blood cell salvage is a therapeutic approach to recover the blood during cardiac surgery. Today, it is also widely used in many other high risk of surgeries around the world. [ 2 ] Some reports suggest that if autologous blood cell salvage is routinely used in open heart surgeries, the requirements for blood transfusions can be ...
A procedure in which blood is taken from a patient's circulation to have a process applied to it before it is returned to the circulation. All of the apparatuses carrying the blood outside the body are collectively termed the extracorporeal circuit. Intra-surgical cell salvage (aspiration, washing and Autotransfusion) Apheresis
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), capable of differentiating into any cell type, have potential for solving the problem of donor organ shortage. Reprogramming technology would be used to obtain a personalized, patient-specific, cell product without problems related to histocompatibility of the transplanted tissues and organs.
During the early 1960s, American heart surgeon Denton Cooley successfully performed numerous bloodless open-heart surgeries on Jehovah's Witness patients. Fifteen years later, he and his associate published a report of more than 500 cardiac surgeries in this population, documenting that cardiac surgery could be safely performed without blood transfusion.