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Roman Dacia (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ə / DAY-shə; also known as Dacia Traiana (Latin for 'Trajan’s Dacia'); or Dacia Felix, lit. ' Fertile Dacia ' ) was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 271–275 AD.
It seems that already under the empire of Gallienus (256) the Goths crossed the Carpathians, driving the Romans out of the northern part of the province of Dacia. Twenty years later, Emperor Aurelian sanctioned the final abandonment of Dacia and the withdrawal of his troops, setting the empire's new frontier on the Danube (in 271-275).
However, the Romans built a settlement bearing the same name, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetuza 40 km away, to serve as the capital of the new Roman province of Dacia. A group of "Free Dacians" may have remained outside the Roman Empire in the territory of modern-day Northern Romania until the start of the Migration Period. [1]
The Kingdom of Dacia, under King Decebalus, had become a threat to the Roman Empire, and defeated several of Rome's armies during Domitian's reign (81–96). Despite the peace treaty established after Domitian's Dacian War , Trajan was set on ridding their new threat to Rome's power and in 101 set out determined to defeat Dacia.
Located in present-day Romania, Limes Porolissensis was the frontier of the Roman Empire in Dacia Porolissensis, the northernmost of the three Dacian provinces. It was a defensive line dating from the 2nd century AD after the Conquest of Dacia up to the retreat of the Roman army from the region.
The positions of the frontier in Dacia are not exactly known but are often assumed to be linked to archaeological sites, especially forts. [1] The Dacian Limes consists of a system of watchtowers, turf walls, smallish forts forts lying some 5 km behind the Limes, and fortlets, as well as a few legionary fortresses behind the frontier line which were was established in several stages.
A history of the Roman Empire: from its foundation to the death of Marcus Aurelius (27 B.C.–180 A.D.). Student's Series. New York: Harper. Katsari, Constantina (2011). The Roman Monetary System: The Eastern Provinces from the First to the Third Century AD. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-76946-4.
The name Potaissa is recorded on the Milliarium of Aiton milestone dating from 108 AD [7] shortly after the Roman conquest of Dacia, and showing the construction of the road built by Cohors I Hispanorum miliaria from Potaissa to Napoca, by demand of the Emperor Trajan. [8]