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Kinetin is often used in plant tissue culture to induce callus formation (in conjunction with auxin) and regenerate shoot tissues from callus (with lower auxin concentration). For a long time, it was believed that kinetin was an artifact produced from the deoxyadenosine residues in DNA , which degraded when standing for long periods or when ...
The human–canine bond is rooted in the domestication of the dog, which began occurring through their long-term association with hunter-gatherers more than 30,000–40,000 years ago. The earliest known relationship between dogs and humans is attested by the 1914 discovery of the Bonn–Oberkassel dog , who was buried alongside two humans in ...
Cytokinins participate in local and long-distance signalling, with the same transport mechanism as purines and nucleosides. [5] Typically, cytokinins are transported in the xylem. [2] Cytokinins act in concert with auxin, another plant growth hormone. The two are complementary, [6] [7] having generally opposite effects. [2]
Auxin also stimulates cell division if cytokinins are present. When auxin and cytokinin are applied to callus, rooting can be generated with higher auxin to cytokinin ratios, shoot growth is induced by lower auxin to cytokinin ratios, and a callus is formed with intermediate ratios, with the exact threshold ratios depending on the species and ...
A 2015 experiment showed that a high-tryptophan diet can decrease serum levels of IAA in mice, but that in humans, protein consumption has no reliably predictable effect on plasma IAA levels. [7] Human cells have been known to produce IAA in vitro since the 1950s, [8] and the critical biosynthesis gene IL4I1 has been identified. [9] [10]
Micropropagation of plants is the process of using small samples of plants called explants and causing them to undergo growth of differentiated or undifferentiated cells. In connection with cytokinins like kinetin, auxins like IBA can be used to cause the formation of masses of undifferentiated cells called callus. Callus formation is often ...
Nitric oxide interactions have been found within signaling pathways of plant hormones such as auxin, [67] ethylene, [63] [68] [69] Abscisic acid [61] and cytokinin. [70] Atmospheric nitric oxide can enter the stomates of most vascular species, and can have effects ranging from leaf blemishing, to stunting of growth, to necrosis. [71]
Hemangiosarcoma is a rapidly growing, highly invasive variety of cancer that occurs almost exclusively in dogs, and only rarely in cats, horses, mice, [1] or humans (vinyl chloride toxicity). It is a sarcoma arising from the lining of blood vessels; that is, blood-filled channels and spaces are commonly observed microscopically.