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Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a basic noise model used in information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature. The modifiers denote specific characteristics: Additive because it is added to any noise that might be intrinsic to the information system.
This model is called a Gaussian white noise signal (or process). In the mathematical field known as white noise analysis, a Gaussian white noise is defined as a stochastic tempered distribution, i.e. a random variable with values in the space ′ of tempered distributions.
A special case is white Gaussian noise, in which the values at any pair of times are identically distributed and statistically independent (and hence uncorrelated). In communication channel testing and modelling, Gaussian noise is used as additive white noise to generate additive white Gaussian noise.
Thermal noise is approximately white, meaning that its power spectral density is nearly equal throughout the frequency spectrum. The amplitude of the signal has very nearly a Gaussian probability density function. A communication system affected by thermal noise is often modelled as an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
In the simple version above, the signal and noise are fully uncorrelated, in which case + is the total power of the received signal and noise together. A generalization of the above equation for the case where the additive noise is not white (or that the / is not constant with frequency over the bandwidth) is obtained by treating the channel as many narrow, independent Gaussian ...
The noise spectral power is frequency independent, which means the noise is white. This can be combined with the Landauer formula, which relates the average current with the transmission eigenvalues of the contact through which the current is measured (labels transport channels). In the simplest case, these transmission eigenvalues can be taken ...
White noise. Additive white Gaussian noise; Black noise; Gaussian noise; Pink noise or flicker noise, with 1/f power spectrum; Brownian noise, with 1/f 2 power spectrum; Contaminated Gaussian noise, whose PDF is a linear mixture of Gaussian PDFs; Power-law noise; Cauchy noise; Multiplicative noise, multiplies or modulates the intended signal
Craig's formula was later extended by Behnad (2020) [5] for the Q-function of the sum of two non-negative variables, ... (QPSK) in additive white Gaussian noise, ...